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°ø¸Åµµ(short selling),º¯µ¿¼º(volatility),°³ÀÎÅõÀÚÀÚ(individual investors),¿Ü±¹ÀÎÅõÀÚÀÚ(foreign investors),±â°üÅõÀÚÀÚ(institutional investors)

An Analysis on the Relation between Short Sale and Stock Return Volatility

  • YOO, Shiyong
In this study, we investigate the relationship between short-selling activities and stock return volatilities in Korean stock markets, by using daily data such as individual stock returns, stock trading volume by investors, short selling by investors. The sample period ranges from January 2007 to November 2012. There are three types of traders: individual investors, institutional investors, and foreign investors. We use several volatility measures such as historical volatility, range-based volatility (Garman-Klass volatility), and implied volatility (VKOSPI). As a major explanatory variable, we use three kinds of short selling activity measures: money value of short selling volume, short selling/stock trading volume ratio, and share of short selling volume by trader types. It is found that daily short selling trading volume has a negative impact on the volatility of the KOSPI index return. By classifying short selling trading volume by trader types, it is observed that short selling volume of individual investors stabilizes daily range-based volatility and volatility index (VKOSPI), whereas institutional investors¡¯ short selling volume destabilizes volatility measures such as historical volatility, range-based volatility, and VKOSPI. And foreign investors¡¯ short selling volume does not increase any volatility. Regarding two short sale ban periods, the first short sale ban period (2008 October ? 2009 May) has higher volatility level, however, the second short sale ban period (10 August 2011 ? 9 November 2011) has a lower volatility level. This implies that the policy measures of short sale ban does not have deterministic effects on volatilities. It is an interesting finding that in the short selling market, individual investors stabilize the stock markets and institutional investors increase the stock market volatility, whereas in the stock trading they do the opposite. This implies that individual investors in the short selling trading have informational advantage, considering that their share in the short selling trading volume in the market is just 3%. This result is consistent with the finding of Jung et al.(2013) that short-selling trading activities of individual investors do not increase the stock market volatility in Korea. At the portfolio level, it is found that foreign investors¡¯ short-selling activity tend to stabilize the volatility. As a policy implication, it is helpful to allow short-selling activity, because the short-selling activity tends to stabilize the stock market volatility.
An Analysis on the Relation between Short Sale and Stock Return Volatility