The study tests the hypothesis that there are country and industry effects on the capital structure of large corporations headquartered in the United States and Korea. So far, very few studies have focused systematically on these issues between developed and less developed countries. For book value based leverage ratios, Korean firms had higher debt ratios than their U.S. counterparts, while there were no or few significant country effects in the construction and the chemical industries at market value based leverage ratios. Moreover, there were statistically significant industry differences on the leverage ratios using both book value and market value measures across the two countries.