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Study of the Functions of Business Groups under Affiliations through M&A


This study analyzes the functions of Korean conglomerates based on their affiliations through mergers and acquisitions. Affiliations in a business group are events where the affiliated firms are connected to the interactive functions among firms in a business group, and therefore provide an opportunity to investigate the positive or negative functions of business groups. We find that the average cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of existing affiliated firms around the spinoff event is significantly positive and the positivity of the average CAR of newly affiliated firms is nearly significant. This suggests that there had been ¡°synergy¡± before and after the affiliation events. We also find that the average CAR of existing affiliated firms tends to be lower when existing affiliated firms and newly affiliated firms are in the same industry. This result supports the (operational) synergy hypothesis. We also find that the average CAR of existing firms tends to be higher as the complementarity of mismatch of growth opportunities and resources between existing firms is higher. This results support the (financial) synergy hypothesis again. We also find that the average CAR of existing affiliated firms tends to be lower with the higher controlling shareholder¡¯s ownership and lower FCF. This result supports the propping hypothesis from existing affiliated firms to newly affiliated firms or vice versa. Moreover, we find that existing affiliated firms tend to have higher CARs with those less FCF and higher growth opportunity than newly affiliated firms¡¯. This result supports the propping hypothesis again. In conclusion, these results suggest that Korean business groups have performed positive function of providing internal capital markets and creating values for their member firms.
business groups,affiliation,propping,synergy,internal capital market